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A cataract is a clouding of the lens of your eye. As you age, proteins in your lens begin to break down and the lens becomes cloudy. Its just yellow-brown pigment is deposited within the lens and this, together with disruption of the normal architecture of the lens fibers, leads to reduced transmission of light, which in turn leads to visual problems. Patient may not even realize that they have a cataract because it usually grows very slowly and may not impede vision early on. While cataracts are rarely dangerous, after a number of years they will affect vision. By age 65, over 90 percent of people have a cataract and half of the people between the ages of 75 and 85 have lost some vision due to a cataract. A cataract is not caused by overuse of your eyes and it does not travel from one eye to the other.
Glaucoma describes a group of eye disease that causing optic nerve damage which affect vision. It may affect both eyes and each eye may progress in a variable way. The nerve damage involves loss of retinal ganglion cells in a characteristic pattern. The many different subtypes of glaucoma can all be considered to be a type of optic neuropathy. Raised intraocular pressure (above 21 mmHg or 2.8 kPa) is the most important and only modifiable risk factor for glaucoma. However, some may have high eye pressure for years and never develop damage, while others can develop nerve damage at a relatively low pressure. Untreated glaucoma can lead to permanent damage of the optic nerve and resultant visual field loss, which over time can progress to blindness.
Most forms of RP are inherited / genetic, though its signs do not necessarily appear in every generation. In Retinitis Pigmentosa cells in the retina called rods and cones die. With most forms of RP, rods that are mainly in the outer regions of the retina and are responsible for our peripheral and night vision, degenerates rapidly. When the retina’s more centrally-located cones are affected, the result is slow loss of colour perception and central (reading) vision and blindness.
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